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'''Adpositions''' are connecting words used for a wide range of syntactic and semantic functions, most commonly modification and complementation. == Natural Language == Natural language adpositions are classified as '''prepositions''', when preceding a phrase; as '''postpositions''', when following a phrase; and as '''circumpositions''', when surrounding a phrase: === Lists of prepositions === [[English prepositions]] == UNL == Natural language adpositions are expected to be explicitly represented in UNL by [[Universal Relations]] or by Universal Relations and [[Universal Attributes]]. === Adpositions as Universal Relations === As words that connect two other words, adpositions are always represented in UNL as relations: ;agt = by ;ben = for ;dur = during ;frm = from ;gol = to ;ins = with ;man = as ;met = by ;mod = of ;opl = in ;per = per ;plc = in ;plf = from ;plt = to ;pof = of ;pos = of ;ptn = with ;pur = for ;scn = in ;src = from ;tim = in ;tmf = since ;tmt = until ;to = to ;via = through === Adpositions as Universal Attributes === Adpositions are also represented as attributes when they assign specific values to general relations. For instance: ;the book is in the box :the relation "plc" (place) is sufficient to represent the meaning intended by "in" and no attribute is necessary: plc(book, box) ;the book is under the box :the relation "plc" (place) is too generic to represent the meaning intended by "under" and the attribute @under is necessary: plc(book, box.@under) For the time being, adpositions have been represented by their English correspondents. ;@aboard ;@about ;@above ;@according_to ;@across ;@after ;@against ;@ahead_of ;@along ;@alongside ;@amid ;@among ;@apart_from ;@around ;@as ;@as_far_as ;@as_of ;@as_per ;@as_regards ;@as_well_as ;@aside ;@aside_from ;@astride ;@at ;@athwart ;@atop ;@barring ;@because_of ;@before ;@behind ;@below ;@beneath ;@beside ;@besides ;@between ;@beyond ;@but ;@by ;@by_means_of ;@circa ;@close_to ;@concerning ;@despite ;@down ;@due_to ;@during ;@except ;@except_for ;@excluding ;@failing ;@far_from ;@following ;@for ;@from ;@from_on ;@given ;@in ;@in_accordance_with ;@in_addition_to ;@in_case_of ;@in_favor_of ;@in_front_of ;@in_place_of ;@in_spite_of ;@in_terms_of ;@including ;@inside ;@inside_of ;@instead_of ;@into ;@like ;@mid ;@near ;@near_to ;@next ;@next_to ;@notwithstanding ;@of ;@off ;@on ;@on_account_of ;@on_behalf_of ;@on_top_of ;@onto ;@opposite ;@out ;@out_from ;@out_of ;@outside ;@outside_of ;@over ;@owing_to ;@pace ;@per ;@prior_to ;@pursuant_to ;@qua ;@regarding ;@regardless_of ;@round ;@save ;@since ;@subsequent_to ;@than ;@thanks_to ;@that_of ;@through ;@throughout ;@to ;@toward ;@towards ;@under ;@underneath ;@unlike ;@until ;@up ;@upon ;@versus ;@via ;@with ;@with_regard_to ;@with_relation_to ;@with_respect_to ;@within ;@without ;@worth

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