Case marking
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| − | '''Case marking''' is the process of assigning [[case|grammatical case]] values to dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads. Usually a language is said to "have cases" only if nouns change their form (nouns decline) to reflect their case. In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, case marking is defined through [[S-rule]]s in the following format: | + | '''Case marking''' is the process of assigning [[case|grammatical case]] values to dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads. Usually a language is said to "have cases" only if nouns change their form (nouns decline) to reflect their case. |
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| + | == Natural Language == | ||
| + | In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, case marking is defined through [[S-rule]]s in the following format: | ||
<SYNTACTIC ROLE>(<CASE>); | <SYNTACTIC ROLE>(<CASE>); | ||
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*<CASE> is the [[case|grammatical case]] to be assigned. | *<CASE> is the [[case|grammatical case]] to be assigned. | ||
| − | == Examples == | + | === Examples === |
;VS(NOM); | ;VS(NOM); | ||
:assigns the nominative case (NOM) to the specifier of the verb (VS) | :assigns the nominative case (NOM) to the specifier of the verb (VS) | ||
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:assigns the accusative case (ACC) to the complement of the verb (VC) | :assigns the accusative case (ACC) to the complement of the verb (VC) | ||
| − | == Observations == | + | === Observations === |
;Conditional case-marking | ;Conditional case-marking | ||
:Conditional case-marking may be stated by stating the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side: | :Conditional case-marking may be stated by stating the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side: | ||
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;The symbol '''^''' is used for negation and to control infinite recursion | ;The symbol '''^''' is used for negation and to control infinite recursion | ||
*VC(^NOM):=VC(NOM); (assign the nominative case to the complement of verb if it does not have the nominative case) | *VC(^NOM):=VC(NOM); (assign the nominative case to the complement of verb if it does not have the nominative case) | ||
| + | |||
| + | == UNL == | ||
| + | Case marking is not informed in UNL. | ||
Revision as of 09:59, 24 March 2010
Case marking is the process of assigning grammatical case values to dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads. Usually a language is said to "have cases" only if nouns change their form (nouns decline) to reflect their case.
Contents |
Natural Language
In the UNLarium framework, case marking is defined through S-rules in the following format:
<SYNTACTIC ROLE>(<CASE>);
Where:
- <SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the syntactic role (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the case-marked term in relation to the head; and
- <CASE> is the grammatical case to be assigned.
Examples
- VS(NOM);
- assigns the nominative case (NOM) to the specifier of the verb (VS)
- VC(ACC);
- assigns the accusative case (ACC) to the complement of the verb (VC)
Observations
- Conditional case-marking
- Conditional case-marking may be stated by stating the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side:
- VC(DAT); (unconditional case-marking: assign the dative case (DAT) to the complement of the verb);
- VC(PP):=VC(DAT); (conditional case-marking: assign the dative case (DAT) to the complement of the verb (VC) if it is a PP);
- VC([make];NP):=VC(ACC); (conditional case-marking: assign the accusative case (ACC) to the complement of the verb (VC) whose lemma is "make").
- Complex case-marking
- A single case-marking rule may contain several case-marking operations:
- VS(NOM)VC(ACC)VA(OBL); (assign the nominative case to the specifier of the verb, the accusative case to the complement of the verb, and the oblique case to the adjunct to the verb)
- Case-unmarking
- Assigned cases may be deleted through "-", but only in conditional case-marking rules (i.e., when the left side of the rule is stated and coindexed to the right side)
- VC(PP,ACC):=VC(-ACC);
- The symbol ^ is used for negation and to control infinite recursion
- VC(^NOM):=VC(NOM); (assign the nominative case to the complement of verb if it does not have the nominative case)
UNL
Case marking is not informed in UNL.
