Semantic rules

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'''Semantic rules''' are rules for mapping UNL structures into natural language and vice-versa. They can be of two different types: '''relation rules''', i.e., rules that map UNL relations into syntatic structures; and '''attribute rules''', which are rules that map UNL attributes into morpho-syntactic structures.  
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'''Semantic rules''' are rules for mapping UNL structures into natural language and vice-versa. They can be of two different types: '''relation rules''', i.e., rules that map UNL relations into syntactic structures; and '''attribute rules''', which are rules that map UNL attributes into morpho-syntactic structures.  
  
 
== Relation Rules ==
 
== Relation Rules ==
 +
 +
SEMANTIC RELATION := SYNTACTIC RELATION;
 
Relation rules are used for translating UNL relations into natural language syntactic structures. They form a special case of the [[S-Rule]] type, because:
 
Relation rules are used for translating UNL relations into natural language syntactic structures. They form a special case of the [[S-Rule]] type, because:
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*differently from other s-rules, the head of the syntactic relation may not be simplified; and
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*differently from other s-rules, the heads of the syntactic relations may not be simplified; and
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*differently from other s-rules, both arguments of the syntactic relation must be coindexed to the arguments of the semantic relation.
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*differently from other s-rules, both arguments of the syntactic relation must be coindexed to the arguments of the semantic relation through the placeholders %01 and %02, which stand for the left and the right argument [of the semantic relation], respectively.
  
 
=== Templates ===
 
=== Templates ===
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5"
 
!CASE
 
!CASE
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!TEMPLATE
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!TEMPLATE*
 
!EXAMPLE
 
!EXAMPLE
 
!GLOSS
 
!GLOSS
 
|-
 
|-
 
|ADJUNCT (DIRECT)
 
|ADJUNCT (DIRECT)
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|XA(%01:%02);
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|XA(%01;%02);
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|mod(NOU;ADJ):=NA(%01:%02);
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|mod(NOU;ADJ):=NA(%01;%02);
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|if "mod(NOU;ADJ)" then the ADJ (%02) is a direct adjunct to the NOU (%01) inside the noun phrase
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|if "mod(NOU;ADJ)" then the ADJ (%02) is a direct adjunct to the NOU (%01)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|ADJUNCT (INDIRECT)
 
|ADJUNCT (INDIRECT)
−
|XA(%01:YC(Y:%02));
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|XA(%01;YC(Y;%02));
−
|tim(VER;NOU):=VA(%01:PC([in]:%02));
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|tim(VER;NOU):=VA(%01;PC([in];%02));
 
|if "tim(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the complement of the preposition "in" which is the head of the prepositional phrase adjunct to the VER (%01)
 
|if "tim(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the complement of the preposition "in" which is the head of the prepositional phrase adjunct to the VER (%01)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|COMPLEMENT (DIRECT)
 
|COMPLEMENT (DIRECT)
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|XC(%01:%02)
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|XC(%01;%02)
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|obj(VER;NOU):=VC(%01:%02);
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|obj(VER;NOU):=VC(%01;%02);
 
|if "mod(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the direct complement of the VER (%01)
 
|if "mod(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the direct complement of the VER (%01)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|COMPLEMENT (INDIRECT)
 
|COMPLEMENT (INDIRECT)
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|XC(%01:YC(Y:%02));
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|XC(%01;YC(Y;%02));
−
|gol(VER;NOU):=VC(%01:PC([to]:%02));
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|gol(VER;NOU):=VC(%01;PC([to];%02));
 
|if "gol(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the complement of the preposition "to" which is the head of the prepositional phrase complement to the VER (%01)
 
|if "gol(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the complement of the preposition "to" which is the head of the prepositional phrase complement to the VER (%01)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|SPECIFIER
 
|SPECIFIER
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|XS(%01:%02)
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|XS(%01;%02)
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|agt(VER;NOU):=VS(%01:%02);
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|agt(VER;NOU):=VS(%01;%02);
 
|if "agt(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the specifier of the VER (%01)
 
|if "agt(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the specifier of the VER (%01)
 
|}
 
|}
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<nowiki>*</nowiki>X and Y must be replaced by lexical categories (N,A,J,V,P,C,D,I), depending on the nature of the heads.
  
 
== Attribute Rules ==
 
== Attribute Rules ==
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Attribute rules are used for translating UNL attributes into natural language morpho-syntactic structures. Depending on their nature, they can follow either the [[s-rule]] or the [[m-rule]] type.
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Attribute rules are used for translating UNL attributes into natural language morpho-syntactic structures. They can be of three different types:
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;m-rule
+
 
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:m-rules are used when the attribute implies a morphological or an orthographical change. There are attributes, such as .@pl (= plural) and .@past (= past), that can be directly associated to inflections.
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=== Feature assignment ===
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ATTRIBUTE := TAG;
 +
To be used when the attribute is equivalent to an existing natural language feature
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*<nowiki>@pl := PLR;</nowiki>
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the attribute .@pl, which stands for plural, is directly equivalent to the tag "PLR"
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*<nowiki>@past := ET0;</nowiki>
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the attribute .@past, which stands for past, is directly equivalent to the tag "ET0"
 +
*<nowiki>@past.@progress := ET0&RT1;</nowiki>
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the attribute .@past.@progress, which stands for the past continous, is directly equivalent to the tagset "ET0&RT1"
 +
 
 +
=== m-rule ===
 +
ATTRIBUTE := ADD < DELETE; (PREFIXATION)
 +
ATTRIBUTE := DELETE > ADD; (SUFFIXATION)
 +
ATTRIBUTE := DELETE : ADD; (REPLACEMENT)
 +
To be used when the attribute cannot be associated to an existing tag and implies a morphological or orthographical change
 +
*<nowiki>@interrogative :=  0 > "?";</nowiki>
 +
the attribute .@interrogative implies the generation of a question mark "?" at the end of the sentence
 +
*<nowiki>@square_bracket := "[" < 0, 0 > "]";</nowiki>
 +
the attribute .@square_bracket implies the generation of an opening bracket in the beginning of the sentence, and of a closing bracket in the end of the sentence
 +
 
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=== s-rule ===
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ATTRIBUTE := SYNTACTIC RELATION;
 +
To be used when the attribute cannot be associated to an existing tag and implies a change in the syntactic structure of the sentence (i.e., the insertion of a word)
 +
*<nowiki>@def := NS(DP([the]));</nowiki>
 +
the attribute .@def implies the generation of a definite article in the position of the specifier of the noun

Latest revision as of 12:35, 2 November 2009

Semantic rules are rules for mapping UNL structures into natural language and vice-versa. They can be of two different types: relation rules, i.e., rules that map UNL relations into syntactic structures; and attribute rules, which are rules that map UNL attributes into morpho-syntactic structures.

Contents

Relation Rules 

SEMANTIC RELATION := SYNTACTIC RELATION;

Relation rules are used for translating UNL relations into natural language syntactic structures. They form a special case of the S-Rule type, because:

  • differently from other s-rules, the heads of the syntactic relations may not be simplified; and
  • differently from other s-rules, both arguments of the syntactic relation must be coindexed to the arguments of the semantic relation through the placeholders %01 and %02, which stand for the left and the right argument [of the semantic relation], respectively.

Templates

CASE TEMPLATE* EXAMPLE GLOSS
ADJUNCT (DIRECT) XA(%01;%02); mod(NOU;ADJ):=NA(%01;%02); if "mod(NOU;ADJ)" then the ADJ (%02) is a direct adjunct to the NOU (%01)
ADJUNCT (INDIRECT) XA(%01;YC(Y;%02)); tim(VER;NOU):=VA(%01;PC([in];%02)); if "tim(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the complement of the preposition "in" which is the head of the prepositional phrase adjunct to the VER (%01)
COMPLEMENT (DIRECT) XC(%01;%02) obj(VER;NOU):=VC(%01;%02); if "mod(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the direct complement of the VER (%01)
COMPLEMENT (INDIRECT) XC(%01;YC(Y;%02)); gol(VER;NOU):=VC(%01;PC([to];%02)); if "gol(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the complement of the preposition "to" which is the head of the prepositional phrase complement to the VER (%01)
SPECIFIER XS(%01;%02) agt(VER;NOU):=VS(%01;%02); if "agt(VER;NOU)" then the NOU (%02) is the specifier of the VER (%01)

*X and Y must be replaced by lexical categories (N,A,J,V,P,C,D,I), depending on the nature of the heads.

Attribute Rules

Attribute rules are used for translating UNL attributes into natural language morpho-syntactic structures. They can be of three different types:

Feature assignment 

ATTRIBUTE := TAG;

To be used when the attribute is equivalent to an existing natural language feature

  • @pl := PLR;

the attribute .@pl, which stands for plural, is directly equivalent to the tag "PLR"

  • @past := ET0;

the attribute .@past, which stands for past, is directly equivalent to the tag "ET0"

  • @past.@progress := ET0&RT1;

the attribute .@past.@progress, which stands for the past continous, is directly equivalent to the tagset "ET0&RT1"

m-rule 

ATTRIBUTE := ADD < DELETE; (PREFIXATION)
ATTRIBUTE := DELETE > ADD; (SUFFIXATION)
ATTRIBUTE := DELETE : ADD; (REPLACEMENT)

To be used when the attribute cannot be associated to an existing tag and implies a morphological or orthographical change

  • @interrogative := 0 > "?";

the attribute .@interrogative implies the generation of a question mark "?" at the end of the sentence

  • @square_bracket := "[" < 0, 0 > "]";

the attribute .@square_bracket implies the generation of an opening bracket in the beginning of the sentence, and of a closing bracket in the end of the sentence

s-rule 

ATTRIBUTE := SYNTACTIC RELATION;

To be used when the attribute cannot be associated to an existing tag and implies a change in the syntactic structure of the sentence (i.e., the insertion of a word)

  • @def := NS(DP([the]));

the attribute .@def implies the generation of a definite article in the position of the specifier of the noun

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