Universal Attributes
From UNL Wiki
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*[[figure of speech]] (FIGA) | *[[figure of speech]] (FIGA) | ||
**Schemes | **Schemes | ||
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***@alliteration: series of words that begin with the same letter or sound alike | ***@alliteration: series of words that begin with the same letter or sound alike | ||
| − | ***@ | + | ***@anacoluthon: change in the syntax within a sentence |
***@anadiplosis: repetition of a word at the end of a clause at the beginning of another | ***@anadiplosis: repetition of a word at the end of a clause at the beginning of another | ||
| + | ***@anaphora: repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses | ||
| + | ***@anastrophe: inversion of the usual word order | ||
***@antanaclasis: repetition of a word in two different senses | ***@antanaclasis: repetition of a word in two different senses | ||
| + | ***@anticlimax: Arrangement of words in order of decreasing importance | ||
***@antimetabole: repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order | ***@antimetabole: repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order | ||
| + | ***@antithesis: juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas | ||
| + | ***@apposition: placing of two elements side by side, in which the second defines the first | ||
***@assonance: repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse | ***@assonance: repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse | ||
| + | ***@asyndeton: omission of conjunctions between related clauses | ||
| + | ***@brachylogia: omission of conjunctions between a series of words | ||
***@chiasmus: reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses | ***@chiasmus: reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses | ||
| + | ***@climax: arrangement of words in order of increasing importance | ||
***@consonance: repetition of consonant sounds without the repetition of the vowel sounds | ***@consonance: repetition of consonant sounds without the repetition of the vowel sounds | ||
| + | ***@ellipsis: omission of words | ||
***@epanalepsis: repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence | ***@epanalepsis: repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence | ||
| + | ***@parallelism: use of similar structures in two or more clauses | ||
| + | ***@parenthesis: insertion of a clause or sentence in a place where it interrupts the natural flow of the sentence | ||
***@pleonasm: Use of superfluous or redundant words | ***@pleonasm: Use of superfluous or redundant words | ||
***@polyptoton: repetition of words derived from the same root | ***@polyptoton: repetition of words derived from the same root | ||
***@polysyndeton: repetition of conjunctions | ***@polysyndeton: repetition of conjunctions | ||
| − | ***@symploce: combination of anaphora and epistrophe | + | ***@symploce: combination of anaphora and epistrophe |
**Tropes | **Tropes | ||
***@anthropomorphism: Ascribing human characteristics to something that is not human, such as an animal or a god (see zoomorphism) | ***@anthropomorphism: Ascribing human characteristics to something that is not human, such as an animal or a god (see zoomorphism) | ||
Revision as of 12:51, 24 October 2014
Universal Attributes are arcs linking a node to itself. In opposition to Universal Relations, they correspond to one-place predicates, i.e., functions that take a single argument. In UNL, attributes have been normally used to represent information conveyed by natural language grammatical categories (such as tense, mood, aspect, number, etc). The set of attributes, which is claimed to be universal, is defined in the UNL Specs and is not open to frequent additions.
Syntax
The syntax of attributes is defined as follows:
<attribute> ::= "@"<attribute name>
<attribute name> ::= <character>+
<character> ::= {“a”,...,“z”,“_”}
where:
< > variable
" " terminal symbol
::=... is defined as ...
{ } disjunction ("or")
+ to be used one or more times
... to be repeated more than 0 times
Attribute names are always lower case words or expressions. Normally, English words ("past", "will") or mnemonic abbreviations ("def", "pl") are used for attribute labelling. No blank space is allowed inside an attribute name.
Semantics
Attributes are annotations made to nodes or hypernodes of a UNL hypergraph. They denote the circumstances under which these nodes (or hypernodes) are used.
Attributes may convey three different kinds of information:
- The information on the role of the node in the UNL graph (as in the case for '@entry', that indicates the main (starting) node of a UNL directed graph);
- The information conveyed by bound morphemes and closed classes, such as affixes (gender, number, tense, aspect, mood, voice, etc), determiners (articles and demonstratives), adpositions (prepositions, postpositions and circumpositions), conjunctions, auxiliary and quasi-auxiliary verbs (auxiliaries, modals, coverbs, preverbs) and degree adverbs (specifiers).
- The information on the (external) context of the utterance, i.e., non-verbal elements of communication, such as prosody, sentence and text structure, politeness, schemes, social deixis and speech acts.
Set of attributes
List of attributes in alphabetical order
