Universal Attributes

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'''Attributes''' are arcs linking a node to itself. In opposition to [[relations]], they correspond to one-place predicates, i.e., functions that take a single argument. In UNL, attributes have been normally used to represent information conveyed by natural language grammatical categories (such as tense, mood, aspect, number, etc). The set of attributes, which is claimed to be universal, is defined in the [[Specs|UNL Specs]] and is not open to frequent additions.
+
'''Universal Attributes''' are arcs linking a node to itself. In opposition to [[Universal Relations]], they correspond to one-place predicates, i.e., functions that take a single argument. In UNL, attributes have been normally used to represent information conveyed by natural language grammatical categories (such as tense, mood, aspect, number, etc). The set of attributes, which is claimed to be universal, is defined in the [[Specs|UNL Specs]] and is not open to frequent additions.
  
 
== Syntax ==
 
== Syntax ==
Line 32: Line 32:
 
  [http://www.unlweb.net/unlarium/dictionary/export_attributes.php List of attributes in alphabetical order]
 
  [http://www.unlweb.net/unlarium/dictionary/export_attributes.php List of attributes in alphabetical order]
  
−
{{#tree:id=tagset|openlevels=0|root=Attributes|
+
{{#tree:id=tagset|openlevels=0|root=att|
−
*[[adposition]]
+
*[[animacy]] (ANIA)
−
**@aboard
+
**@person
−
**@about
+
**@thing
−
**@above
+
*[[aspect]] (ASPA)
−
**@according_to
+
−
**@across
+
−
**@after
+
−
**@against
+
−
**@ahead_of
+
−
**@along
+
−
**@alongside
+
−
**@amid
+
−
**@among
+
−
**@apart_from
+
−
**@around
+
−
**@as
+
−
**@as_far_as
+
−
**@as_of
+
−
**@as_per
+
−
**@as_regards
+
−
**@as_well_as
+
−
**@aside
+
−
**@aside_from
+
−
**@astride
+
−
**@at
+
−
**@athwart
+
−
**@atop
+
−
**@barring
+
−
**@because_of
+
−
**@before
+
−
**@behind
+
−
**@below
+
−
**@beneath
+
−
**@beside
+
−
**@besides
+
−
**@between
+
−
**@beyond
+
−
**@but
+
−
**@by
+
−
**@by_means_of
+
−
**@circa
+
−
**@close_to
+
−
**@concerning
+
−
**@despite
+
−
**@down
+
−
**@due_to
+
−
**@during
+
−
**@except
+
−
**@except_for
+
−
**@excluding
+
−
**@failing
+
−
**@far_from
+
−
**@following
+
−
**@for
+
−
**@from
+
−
**@from_on
+
−
**@given
+
−
**@in
+
−
**@in_accordance_with
+
−
**@in_addition_to
+
−
**@in_case_of
+
−
**@in_favor_of
+
−
**@in_front_of
+
−
**@in_place_of
+
−
**@in_spite_of
+
−
**@in_terms_of
+
−
**@including
+
−
**@inside
+
−
**@inside_of
+
−
**@instead_of
+
−
**@into
+
−
**@like
+
−
**@mid
+
−
**@near
+
−
**@near_to
+
−
**@next
+
−
**@next_to
+
−
**@notwithstanding
+
−
**@of
+
−
**@off
+
−
**@on
+
−
**@on_account_of
+
−
**@on_behalf_of
+
−
**@on_top_of
+
−
**@onto
+
−
**@opposite
+
−
**@out
+
−
**@out_from
+
−
**@out_of
+
−
**@outside
+
−
**@outside_of
+
−
**@over
+
−
**@owing_to
+
−
**@pace
+
−
**@per
+
−
**@prior_to
+
−
**@pursuant_to
+
−
**@qua
+
−
**@regarding
+
−
**@regardless_of
+
−
**@round
+
−
**@save
+
−
**@since
+
−
**@subsequent_to
+
−
**@than
+
−
**@thanks_to
+
−
**@that_of
+
−
**@through
+
−
**@throughout
+
−
**@to
+
−
**@toward
+
−
**@towards
+
−
**@under
+
−
**@underneath
+
−
**@unlike
+
−
**@until
+
−
**@up
+
−
**@upon
+
−
**@versus
+
−
**@via
+
−
**@with
+
−
**@with_regard_to
+
−
**@with_relation_to
+
−
**@with_respect_to
+
−
**@within
+
−
**@without
+
−
**@worth
+
−
*animacy
+
−
**@person (human)
+
−
**@thing (inanimate)
+
−
*[[aspect]]
+
 
**@causative: causative
 
**@causative: causative
 
**@continuative: continuous
 
**@continuative: continuous
Line 172: Line 45:
 
**@inchoative: change of state
 
**@inchoative: change of state
 
**@iterative: repetition
 
**@iterative: repetition
 +
**@perfect: perfect
 
**@perfective: completed
 
**@perfective: completed
 
**@permissive: permissive
 
**@permissive: permissive
Line 179: Line 53:
 
**@result: result
 
**@result: result
 
**@terminative: cessation
 
**@terminative: cessation
−
*[[conjunction]]s
+
*[[degree]] (DEGA)
−
**@after
+
**@almost: approximative
−
**@although
+
**@also: repetitive
−
**@and
+
−
**@as
+
−
**@as.@if
+
−
**@because
+
−
**@before
+
−
**@but
+
−
**@even.@if
+
−
**@except.@if
+
−
**@if
+
−
**@if.@only
+
−
**@in_case
+
−
**@or
+
−
**@since
+
−
**@so
+
−
**@unless
+
−
**@until
+
−
**@when
+
−
**@whereas
+
−
**@while
+
−
*[[degree]]
+
−
**negative
+
−
***@not: negative
+
−
***@almost: approximative
+
 
**positive
 
**positive
 
***@again: iterative
 
***@again: iterative
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***@most: superlative of superiority
 
***@most: superlative of superiority
 
***@least: superlative of inferiority
 
***@least: superlative of inferiority
−
*[[figure of speech]]
+
*[[emotion]]s (FEEL)
 +
**@anger
 +
**@attention
 +
**@consent
 +
**@contentment
 +
**@disagreement
 +
**@discontentment
 +
**@dissent
 +
**@hesitation
 +
**@pain
 +
**@relief
 +
**@surprise
 +
**@weariness
 +
*[[figure of speech]] (FIGA)
 
**Schemes
 
**Schemes
−
***@parallelism: use of similar structures in two or more clauses
 
−
***@antithesis: juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas
 
−
***@climax: arrangement of words in order of increasing importance
 
−
***@anticlimax: Arrangement of words in order of decreasing importance
 
−
***@anacoluthon: change in the syntax within a sentence
 
−
***@anastrophe: inversion of the usual word order
 
−
***@parenthesis: insertion of a clause or sentence in a place where it interrupts the natural flow of the sentence
 
−
***@apposition: placing of two elements side by side, in which the second defines the first
 
−
***@ellipsis: omission of words
 
−
***@asyndeton: omission of conjunctions between related clauses
 
 
***@brachylogia: omission of conjunctions between a series of words  
 
***@brachylogia: omission of conjunctions between a series of words  
−
***@alliteration: series of words that begin with the same letter or sound alike
 
−
***@anaphora: repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses
 
−
***@anadiplosis: repetition of a word at the end of a clause at the beginning of another
 
−
***@antanaclasis: repetition of a word in two different senses
 
−
***@antimetabole: repetition of words in successive clauses, in reverse order
 
−
***@assonance: repetition of vowel sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse
 
 
***@chiasmus: reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses
 
***@chiasmus: reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses
 +
***@climax: arrangement of words in order of increasing importance
 
***@consonance: repetition of consonant sounds without the repetition of the vowel sounds
 
***@consonance: repetition of consonant sounds without the repetition of the vowel sounds
 +
***@ellipsis: omission of words
 
***@epanalepsis: repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence
 
***@epanalepsis: repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end of the clause or sentence
 +
***@interruption: insertion of a clause or sentence in a place where it interrupts the natural flow of the sentence
 +
***@parallelism: use of similar structures in two or more clauses
 
***@pleonasm: Use of superfluous or redundant words
 
***@pleonasm: Use of superfluous or redundant words
 
***@polyptoton: repetition of words derived from the same root
 
***@polyptoton: repetition of words derived from the same root
 
***@polysyndeton: repetition of conjunctions
 
***@polysyndeton: repetition of conjunctions
−
***@symploce: combination of anaphora and epistrophe  
+
***@symploce: combination of anaphora and epistrophe
 
**Tropes
 
**Tropes
 
***@anthropomorphism: Ascribing human characteristics to something that is not human, such as an animal or a god (see zoomorphism)
 
***@anthropomorphism: Ascribing human characteristics to something that is not human, such as an animal or a god (see zoomorphism)
Line 267: Line 119:
 
***@synesthesia: Description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another.
 
***@synesthesia: Description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another.
 
***@zoomorphism: Applying animal characteristics to humans or gods  
 
***@zoomorphism: Applying animal characteristics to humans or gods  
−
*[[gender]]
+
*[[gender]] (GENA)
 
**@female
 
**@female
 
**@male
 
**@male
 
**@neutral
 
**@neutral
−
*[[interjections]]
+
*[[information structure]] (ISTA)
−
**@anger
+
**@comment: what is being said about the topic
−
**@consent
+
**@focus: information that is contrary to the presuppositions of the interlocutor
−
**@attention
+
**@topic: what is being talked about
−
**@contentment
+
*[[lexical category]] (LEXA)
−
**@disagreement
+
−
**@discontentment
+
−
**@dissent
+
−
**@hesitation
+
−
**@pain
+
−
**@relief
+
−
**@surprise
+
−
**@weariness
+
−
*[[lexical category]]
+
 
**@adjective
 
**@adjective
 
**@adverb
 
**@adverb
 
**@noun
 
**@noun
 
**@verb
 
**@verb
−
*[[modality]]  
+
*[[manner]] (HOW)
 +
**@according_to
 +
**@against
 +
**@although
 +
**@and
 +
**@as
 +
**@as.@if
 +
**@as_far_as
 +
**@as_of
 +
**@as_per
 +
**@as_regards
 +
**@as_well_as
 +
**@barring
 +
**@because
 +
**@because_of
 +
**@besides
 +
**@but
 +
**@by
 +
**@by_means_of
 +
**@concerning
 +
**@despite
 +
**@due_to
 +
**@even.@if
 +
**@except
 +
**@except.@if
 +
**@except_for
 +
**@excluding
 +
**@failing
 +
**@for
 +
**@given
 +
**@if
 +
**@if.@only
 +
**@in_accordance_with
 +
**@in_addition_to
 +
**@in_case
 +
**@in_case_of
 +
**@in_favor_of
 +
**@in_place_of
 +
**@in_spite_of
 +
**@including
 +
**@instead_of
 +
**@like
 +
**@notwithstanding
 +
**@off
 +
**@on_account_of
 +
**@on_behalf_of
 +
**@or
 +
**@owing_to
 +
**@pace
 +
**@per
 +
**@pursuant_to
 +
**@qua
 +
**@regarding
 +
**@regardless_of
 +
**@save
 +
**@so
 +
**@than
 +
**@thanks_to
 +
**@that_of
 +
**@unless
 +
**@unlike
 +
**@versus
 +
**@with
 +
**@with_regard_to
 +
**@with_relation_to
 +
**@with_respect_to
 +
**@without
 +
**@worth
 +
*[[modality]] (MODA)
 
**@ability
 
**@ability
 
**@advice
 
**@advice
Line 297: Line 208:
 
**@belief
 
**@belief
 
**@command
 
**@command
−
**@condition
 
 
**@conclusion
 
**@conclusion
 +
**@condition
 
**@confirmation
 
**@confirmation
 
**@consequence
 
**@consequence
 
**@conviction
 
**@conviction
 
**@decision
 
**@decision
−
**@determination
 
 
**@deduction
 
**@deduction
 
**@desire
 
**@desire
 +
**@determination
 
**@doubt
 
**@doubt
 
**@exclamation
 
**@exclamation
Line 323: Line 234:
 
**@permission
 
**@permission
 
**@possibility
 
**@possibility
−
**@probability
 
 
**@prediction
 
**@prediction
 
**@presumption
 
**@presumption
 +
**@probability
 
**@prohibition
 
**@prohibition
 
**@promise
 
**@promise
Line 334: Line 245:
 
**@threat
 
**@threat
 
**@warning
 
**@warning
−
*[[numerals]]
+
*[[nominal attributes]] (NOUA)
−
**@ordinal (ordinal)
+
**@about
−
**@times (multiplicative)
+
**@round
−
**@tuple (collective)
+
**@of
−
*[[person]]
+
*[[person]] (PERA)
 
**@1 (first person: speaker)
 
**@1 (first person: speaker)
 
**@2 (second person: addressee)
 
**@2 (second person: addressee)
 
**@3 (third person)
 
**@3 (third person)
−
*[[polarity]]
+
*[[place]] (WHERE)
 +
**location
 +
***@above
 +
***@among
 +
***@around
 +
***@at
 +
***@back
 +
***@behind
 +
***@below
 +
***@beside
 +
***@between
 +
***@beyond
 +
***@bottom
 +
***@front
 +
***@in
 +
***@inside
 +
***@left
 +
***@on
 +
***@opposite
 +
***@outside
 +
***@over
 +
***@right
 +
***@side
 +
***@top
 +
***@under
 +
***@within
 +
**position
 +
***@contact
 +
***@far
 +
***@near
 +
**direction
 +
***@across
 +
***@along
 +
***@clockwise
 +
***@down
 +
***@from
 +
***@through
 +
***@throughout
 +
***@to
 +
***@towards
 +
***@up
 +
*[[polarity]] (POLA)
 
**@yes (affirmative)
 
**@yes (affirmative)
 
**@not (negative)
 
**@not (negative)
 
**@maybe (dubitative)
 
**@maybe (dubitative)
−
*[[quantification]]
+
*[[quantification]] (QUAA)
−
**@any (any)
+
**@any (any) (existential quantifier)
−
**@all (all)
+
**@all (all) (universal quantifier)
−
**@every (every)
+
**@entire (entire)
 
**@generic (no quantification)
 
**@generic (no quantification)
 +
**@half (half)
 +
**@majority (a major part)
 +
**@minority (a minor part)
 
**@no (none)
 
**@no (none)
 +
**@part (part)
 
**@pl (plural)
 
**@pl (plural)
 
***@dual
 
***@dual
Line 359: Line 315:
 
***@multal
 
***@multal
 
**@singular (default)
 
**@singular (default)
−
*[[register]]
+
**@times (multiplicative)
 +
**@tuple (collective)
 +
**@unit (unit)
 +
*[[register]] (REGA)
 
**@archaic
 
**@archaic
 
**@colloquial
 
**@colloquial
 
**@dialect
 
**@dialect
 
**@jargon
 
**@jargon
 +
**@literary
 +
**@pejorative
 
**@slang
 
**@slang
 
**@taboo
 
**@taboo
−
*[[social deixis]]
+
*[[social deixis]] (SODA)
 +
**@equivalent
 
**@familiar
 
**@familiar
 +
**@inferior
 
**@intimate
 
**@intimate
 
**@polite
 
**@polite
−
**@equivalent
 
−
**@inferior
 
−
**@superior
 
 
**@reverential
 
**@reverential
−
*[[specification]]
+
**@superior
−
**@also (also
+
*[[specification]] (WHICH)
 +
**@also (also)
 +
**@circa
 
**@def (definite)
 
**@def (definite)
 
***@both (both)
 
***@both (both)
Line 391: Line 353:
 
***@certain (certain)
 
***@certain (certain)
 
***@wh
 
***@wh
 +
**@neither
 
**@only
 
**@only
−
*[[time]]
+
**@ordinal (ordinal)
−
**absolute time
+
*syntactic structures (SYNA)
 +
**conventions
 +
***@angle_bracket
 +
***@brace
 +
***@double_parenthesis
 +
***@double_quote
 +
***@parenthesis
 +
***@single_quote
 +
***@square_bracket
 +
**@entry (sentence head)
 +
**@relative (relative clause head)
 +
**@speech (direct speech)
 +
**@title (title)
 +
**@vocative (vocative)
 +
*[[time]] (WHEN)
 +
**absolute tense
 
***@past: at a time before the moment of utterance
 
***@past: at a time before the moment of utterance
 
***@present: at the moment of utterance
 
***@present: at the moment of utterance
Line 399: Line 377:
 
***@recent: close to the moment of utterance
 
***@recent: close to the moment of utterance
 
***@remote: remote from the moment of utterance
 
***@remote: remote from the moment of utterance
−
**relative time
+
**relative tense
 
***@anterior: before some other time other than the time of utterance
 
***@anterior: before some other time other than the time of utterance
 
***@posterior: after some other time other than the time of utterance
 
***@posterior: after some other time other than the time of utterance
−
*[[voice]]
+
**other
 +
***@after
 +
***@before
 +
***@during
 +
***@following
 +
***@prior_to
 +
***@since
 +
***@subsequent_to
 +
***@until
 +
*[[voice]] (VOIA)
 
**@active: He built this house in 1895
 
**@active: He built this house in 1895
 
**@passive: This house was built in 1895.
 
**@passive: This house was built in 1895.

Latest revision as of 14:06, 19 February 2015

Universal Attributes are arcs linking a node to itself. In opposition to Universal Relations, they correspond to one-place predicates, i.e., functions that take a single argument. In UNL, attributes have been normally used to represent information conveyed by natural language grammatical categories (such as tense, mood, aspect, number, etc). The set of attributes, which is claimed to be universal, is defined in the UNL Specs and is not open to frequent additions.

Syntax

The syntax of attributes is defined as follows: 

<attribute>      ::= "@"<attribute name>
<attribute name> ::= <character>+
<character>      ::= {“a”,...,“z”,“_”}

where:
< > variable
" " terminal symbol
::=... is defined as ...
{ } disjunction ("or")
+ to be used one or more times
... to be repeated more than 0 times

Attribute names are always lower case words or expressions. Normally, English words ("past", "will") or mnemonic abbreviations ("def", "pl") are used for attribute labelling. No blank space is allowed inside an attribute name.

Semantics

Attributes are annotations made to nodes or hypernodes of a UNL hypergraph. They denote the circumstances under which these nodes (or hypernodes) are used.

Attributes may convey three different kinds of information:

  • The information on the role of the node in the UNL graph (as in the case for '@entry', that indicates the main (starting) node of a UNL directed graph);
  • The information conveyed by bound morphemes and closed classes, such as affixes (gender, number, tense, aspect, mood, voice, etc), determiners (articles and demonstratives), adpositions (prepositions, postpositions and circumpositions), conjunctions, auxiliary and quasi-auxiliary verbs (auxiliaries, modals, coverbs, preverbs) and degree adverbs (specifiers).
  • The information on the (external) context of the utterance, i.e., non-verbal elements of communication, such as prosody, sentence and text structure, politeness, schemes, social deixis and speech acts.

Set of attributes 

List of attributes in alphabetical order

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