Adjacency
From UNL Wiki
(Difference between revisions)
(New page: '''Adjacency''' is the relation between two branches in a tree structure. In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, adjacency is used to represent the structure of [[Syntax|maximal projections...) |
(→Examples: typo) |
||
(19 intermediate revisions by one user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | '''Adjacency''' is the | + | '''Adjacency''' is the distance between two branches in a tree structure. In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, adjacency is used to represent the structure of [[Syntax|maximal projections]] and, therefore, to state the distance of constituents in relation to the head. |
− | The number of | + | == Values == |
+ | |||
+ | The number of intermediate projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, which are the following: | ||
{{#tree:id=ADC|openlevels=0|root=Adjacency (AJC)| | {{#tree:id=ADC|openlevels=0|root=Adjacency (AJC)| | ||
− | * | + | *AJ0 (immediate): the constituent is actually an inseparable part of the head (as in inseparable phrasal verbs) |
− | * | + | *AJ1 (nearest): the constituent has the highest precedence over other constituents (i.e., it is necessarily the nearest to the head) |
− | * | + | *AJ2 (near): the constituent has a high precedence but it is not necessarily the nearest to the head (i.e., there may be other constituents nearer to the head) |
− | * | + | *AJ3 (distant): the constituent has low precedence but it is not necessarily the most distant from the head (i.e., there may be other constituents farther from the head) |
− | * | + | *AJ4 (most distant): the constituent has the lowest precedence over other constituents (i.e., it is necessarily the most distant from the head) |
− | + | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | |||
== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
− | In structure above: | + | In the structure above: |
*comp1 = AJ1 (there is only one projection (XB1) between comp1 and X) | *comp1 = AJ1 (there is only one projection (XB1) between comp1 and X) | ||
*comp2 = AJ2 (there are two projections (XB1 and XB2) between comp2 and X) | *comp2 = AJ2 (there are two projections (XB1 and XB2) between comp2 and X) | ||
Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
== Dictionary == | == Dictionary == | ||
+ | Adjacency is informed in the dictionary only in the following cases: | ||
+ | *Compounds that do not follow the adjacency patterns (such as "bring home the bacon", where the adjunct precedes the complement) | ||
+ | *Compounds that have more than one complement or more than one adjunct whose order is important (such as in "go from strength to strength") | ||
+ | === Examples === | ||
+ | *bring home the bacon | ||
+ | **base form = bring | ||
+ | **compound = +VA([home],'''AJ1''')VC("the bacon",'''AJ2'''); | ||
+ | *go from strength to strength | ||
+ | **base form = go | ||
+ | **compound = +VA("from strength",'''AJ1''')VA("to strength",'''AJ2'''); | ||
+ | == Grammar == | ||
+ | In the grammar, adjacency is defined through [[S-rule]]s in the following format: | ||
+ | <SYNTACTIC ROLE>(+<ADJACENCY>); | ||
+ | Where:<br /> | ||
+ | *<SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the [[Syntactic roles|syntactic role]] (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head; and | ||
+ | *<ADJACENCY> is the adjancency (AJ0, AJ1, AJ2, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head. | ||
− | == | + | === Examples === |
+ | *VH(+AJ0); (the head is part of the verb) | ||
+ | *VC(+AJ1); (the object integrates the first projection of the head) | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Observations === | ||
+ | ;Complex adjacency | ||
+ | :A single adjacency rule may contain several operations: | ||
+ | :*VC(+AJ1)VA(+AJ2); (the complement integrates the first projection and the adjunct integrates the second one) | ||
+ | ;Conditional adjacency | ||
+ | :Conditional adjacency may be stated by defining the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side: | ||
+ | :*VC(+AJ1); (unconditional adjacency: the complement will always integrate the first projection); | ||
+ | :*VC(PPR):=VC(+AJ1); (conditional adjacency: the complement will integrate the first projection if a personal pronoun; | ||
+ | ;Use of "+" | ||
+ | :As rules are conservative (i.e., features are preserved unless explicitly deleted), the use of "+" is actually optional: | ||
+ | :*VC(AJ1); is the same as VC(+AJ1); | ||
+ | ;Reordering | ||
+ | :Reordering can be done in three different ways: | ||
+ | :*By [[L-rule]]s, if the process involves neighbour constituents and affects only the surface structure of the phrase; | ||
+ | :*By attribute change (i.e., deleting and adding distribution features), such as in "VC(-AJ1,+AJ2);" | ||
+ | :*By [[movement]], in case of more complex inversions and extraction of constituents | ||
+ | ;The symbol '''^''' is used for negation and to control infinite recursion: | ||
+ | :*VC(^AJ1):=VC(AJ1); (assign the feature "AJ1" to the complement of the verb if it does not have it yet) |
Latest revision as of 02:28, 11 May 2011
Adjacency is the distance between two branches in a tree structure. In the UNLarium framework, adjacency is used to represent the structure of maximal projections and, therefore, to state the distance of constituents in relation to the head.
Contents |
Values
The number of intermediate projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNLarium framework, which are the following:
Examples
XP / \ spec XB4 / \ XB3 adjt2 / \ XB2 adjt1 / \ XB1 comp2 / \ X comp1
In the structure above:
- comp1 = AJ1 (there is only one projection (XB1) between comp1 and X)
- comp2 = AJ2 (there are two projections (XB1 and XB2) between comp2 and X)
- adjt1 = AJ3 (there are three projections (XB1, XB2 and XB3) between adjt1 and X)
- adjt2 = AJ4 (there are four projections (XB1, XB2, XB3, XB4) between adjt2 and X)
Dictionary
Adjacency is informed in the dictionary only in the following cases:
- Compounds that do not follow the adjacency patterns (such as "bring home the bacon", where the adjunct precedes the complement)
- Compounds that have more than one complement or more than one adjunct whose order is important (such as in "go from strength to strength")
Examples
- bring home the bacon
- base form = bring
- compound = +VA([home],AJ1)VC("the bacon",AJ2);
- go from strength to strength
- base form = go
- compound = +VA("from strength",AJ1)VA("to strength",AJ2);
Grammar
In the grammar, adjacency is defined through S-rules in the following format:
<SYNTACTIC ROLE>(+<ADJACENCY>);
Where:
- <SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the syntactic role (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head; and
- <ADJACENCY> is the adjancency (AJ0, AJ1, AJ2, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head.
Examples
- VH(+AJ0); (the head is part of the verb)
- VC(+AJ1); (the object integrates the first projection of the head)
Observations
- Complex adjacency
- A single adjacency rule may contain several operations:
- VC(+AJ1)VA(+AJ2); (the complement integrates the first projection and the adjunct integrates the second one)
- Conditional adjacency
- Conditional adjacency may be stated by defining the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side:
- VC(+AJ1); (unconditional adjacency: the complement will always integrate the first projection);
- VC(PPR):=VC(+AJ1); (conditional adjacency: the complement will integrate the first projection if a personal pronoun;
- Use of "+"
- As rules are conservative (i.e., features are preserved unless explicitly deleted), the use of "+" is actually optional:
- VC(AJ1); is the same as VC(+AJ1);
- Reordering
- Reordering can be done in three different ways:
- The symbol ^ is used for negation and to control infinite recursion
-
- VC(^AJ1):=VC(AJ1); (assign the feature "AJ1" to the complement of the verb if it does not have it yet)