Adjacency
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== Values == | == Values == | ||
| − | The number of | + | The number of intermediate projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, which are the following: |
{{#tree:id=ADC|openlevels=0|root=Adjacency (AJC)| | {{#tree:id=ADC|openlevels=0|root=Adjacency (AJC)| | ||
| − | *AJ0 (immediate): the constituent is inseparable part of the head (as in inseparable phrasal verbs) | + | *AJ0 (immediate): the constituent is actually an inseparable part of the head (as in inseparable phrasal verbs) |
| − | *AJ1 ( | + | *AJ1 (nearest): the constituent has the highest precedence over other constituents (i.e., it is necessarily the nearest to the head) |
| − | *AJ2 ( | + | *AJ2 (near): the constituent has a high precedence but it is not necessarily the nearest to the head (i.e., there may be other constituents nearer to the head) |
| − | *AJ3 ( | + | *AJ3 (distant): the constituent has low precedence but it is not necessarily the most distant from the head (i.e., there may be other constituents farther from the head) |
| − | *AJ4 ( | + | *AJ4 (most distant): the constituent has the lowest precedence over other constituents (i.e., it is necessarily the most distant from the head) |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
}} | }} | ||
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*adjt1 = AJ3 (there are three projections (XB1, XB2 and XB3) between adjt1 and X) | *adjt1 = AJ3 (there are three projections (XB1, XB2 and XB3) between adjt1 and X) | ||
*adjt2 = AJ4 (there are four projections (XB1, XB2, XB3, XB4) between adjt2 and X) | *adjt2 = AJ4 (there are four projections (XB1, XB2, XB3, XB4) between adjt2 and X) | ||
| − | |||
== Dictionary == | == Dictionary == | ||
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*go from strength to strength | *go from strength to strength | ||
**base form = go | **base form = go | ||
| − | **compound = +VA("from | + | **compound = +VA("from strength",'''AJ1''')VA("to strength",'''AJ2'''); |
== Grammar == | == Grammar == | ||
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;Reordering | ;Reordering | ||
:Reordering can be done in three different ways: | :Reordering can be done in three different ways: | ||
| − | :*By [[ | + | :*By [[L-rule]]s, if the process involves neighbour constituents and affects only the surface structure of the phrase; |
:*By attribute change (i.e., deleting and adding distribution features), such as in "VC(-AJ1,+AJ2);" | :*By attribute change (i.e., deleting and adding distribution features), such as in "VC(-AJ1,+AJ2);" | ||
:*By [[movement]], in case of more complex inversions and extraction of constituents | :*By [[movement]], in case of more complex inversions and extraction of constituents | ||
;The symbol '''^''' is used for negation and to control infinite recursion: | ;The symbol '''^''' is used for negation and to control infinite recursion: | ||
:*VC(^AJ1):=VC(AJ1); (assign the feature "AJ1" to the complement of the verb if it does not have it yet) | :*VC(^AJ1):=VC(AJ1); (assign the feature "AJ1" to the complement of the verb if it does not have it yet) | ||
Latest revision as of 02:28, 11 May 2011
Adjacency is the distance between two branches in a tree structure. In the UNLarium framework, adjacency is used to represent the structure of maximal projections and, therefore, to state the distance of constituents in relation to the head.
Contents |
Values
The number of intermediate projections define the values of the adjacency in the UNLarium framework, which are the following:
Examples
XP
/ \
spec XB4
/ \
XB3 adjt2
/ \
XB2 adjt1
/ \
XB1 comp2
/ \
X comp1
In the structure above:
- comp1 = AJ1 (there is only one projection (XB1) between comp1 and X)
- comp2 = AJ2 (there are two projections (XB1 and XB2) between comp2 and X)
- adjt1 = AJ3 (there are three projections (XB1, XB2 and XB3) between adjt1 and X)
- adjt2 = AJ4 (there are four projections (XB1, XB2, XB3, XB4) between adjt2 and X)
Dictionary
Adjacency is informed in the dictionary only in the following cases:
- Compounds that do not follow the adjacency patterns (such as "bring home the bacon", where the adjunct precedes the complement)
- Compounds that have more than one complement or more than one adjunct whose order is important (such as in "go from strength to strength")
Examples
- bring home the bacon
- base form = bring
- compound = +VA([home],AJ1)VC("the bacon",AJ2);
- go from strength to strength
- base form = go
- compound = +VA("from strength",AJ1)VA("to strength",AJ2);
Grammar
In the grammar, adjacency is defined through S-rules in the following format:
<SYNTACTIC ROLE>(+<ADJACENCY>);
Where:
- <SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the syntactic role (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head; and
- <ADJACENCY> is the adjancency (AJ0, AJ1, AJ2, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head.
Examples
- VH(+AJ0); (the head is part of the verb)
- VC(+AJ1); (the object integrates the first projection of the head)
Observations
- Complex adjacency
- A single adjacency rule may contain several operations:
- VC(+AJ1)VA(+AJ2); (the complement integrates the first projection and the adjunct integrates the second one)
- Conditional adjacency
- Conditional adjacency may be stated by defining the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side:
- VC(+AJ1); (unconditional adjacency: the complement will always integrate the first projection);
- VC(PPR):=VC(+AJ1); (conditional adjacency: the complement will integrate the first projection if a personal pronoun;
- Use of "+"
- As rules are conservative (i.e., features are preserved unless explicitly deleted), the use of "+" is actually optional:
- VC(AJ1); is the same as VC(+AJ1);
- Reordering
- Reordering can be done in three different ways:
- The symbol ^ is used for negation and to control infinite recursion
-
- VC(^AJ1):=VC(AJ1); (assign the feature "AJ1" to the complement of the verb if it does not have it yet)
