Aspect
From UNL Wiki
(Difference between revisions)
(→Natural language) |
(→Natural language) |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
== Natural language == | == Natural language == | ||
| − | In the UNLarium, | + | In the UNLarium, aspect may assume the following values: |
{{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Aspect (ASP)| | {{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Aspect (ASP)| | ||
*perfective (PFV): completed | *perfective (PFV): completed | ||
| − | *imperfective ( | + | *imperfective (NPFV): uncompleted |
**continuative (CTN): continuous | **continuative (CTN): continuous | ||
***progressive (PGS): ongoing | ***progressive (PGS): ongoing | ||
| − | *perfect (PFC): | + | **habitual (HAB): habitual |
| − | **experiential perfect aspect (EXP): | + | **iterative (ITE): repetition |
| − | **perfect of persistent situation (PSS): | + | *perfect (PFC): relevant to the present |
| − | **perfect of recent past (PRP): | + | **experiential perfect aspect (EXP): relevant because of the experience |
| − | **perfect of result (RES): | + | **perfect of persistent situation (PSS): relevant because of the persistence |
| + | **perfect of recent past (PRP): relevant because of the proximity | ||
| + | **perfect of result (RES): relevant because of the result | ||
*prospective (PPT): imminent | *prospective (PPT): imminent | ||
*inceptive (ICP): beginning | *inceptive (ICP): beginning | ||
*terminative (TER): cessation | *terminative (TER): cessation | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
}} | }} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
;Perfect and perfective are different aspectual values: | ;Perfect and perfective are different aspectual values: | ||
:perfective = seen as completed (He ate the apple) | :perfective = seen as completed (He ate the apple) | ||
| − | :perfect = seen as relevant | + | :perfect = seen as relevant to the present (He has eaten the apple) |
;Aspect values may be combined through "&": | ;Aspect values may be combined through "&": | ||
| Line 35: | Line 33: | ||
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
| − | + | *perfective (PFV): He ate an apple | |
| − | * | + | *progressive (PGS): He is eating an apple |
| − | * | + | *habitual (HAB): He eats apples. |
| + | *iterative (ITE): He has been eating apples for years | ||
| + | *experiential perfect aspect (EXP): He has never eaten an apple | ||
| + | *perfect of persistent situation (PSS): He has been eating that apple since yesterday | ||
| + | *perfect of recent past (PRP): He has just eaten the apple | ||
| + | *perfect of result (RES): He has eaten the apple | ||
| + | *prospective (PPT): He is about to eat the applet | ||
| + | *inceptive (ICP): He starts to eat the apple | ||
| + | *terminative (TER): He finishes to eat the apple | ||
== UNL == | == UNL == | ||
Revision as of 11:45, 16 January 2010
Aspect is a category used to indicate the temporal internal structure of an event.
Contents |
Natural language
In the UNLarium, aspect may assume the following values:
- Perfect and perfective are different aspectual values
- perfective = seen as completed (He ate the apple)
- perfect = seen as relevant to the present (He has eaten the apple)
- Aspect values may be combined through "&"
- I am eating = progressive (PGS)
- I have eaten = perfect of persistent situation (PSS)
- I have been eating = PGS&PSS
Examples
- perfective (PFV): He ate an apple
- progressive (PGS): He is eating an apple
- habitual (HAB): He eats apples.
- iterative (ITE): He has been eating apples for years
- experiential perfect aspect (EXP): He has never eaten an apple
- perfect of persistent situation (PSS): He has been eating that apple since yesterday
- perfect of recent past (PRP): He has just eaten the apple
- perfect of result (RES): He has eaten the apple
- prospective (PPT): He is about to eat the applet
- inceptive (ICP): He starts to eat the apple
- terminative (TER): He finishes to eat the apple
UNL
In UNL, aspect is to be represented by attributes indicating the temporal internal structure of the event.
- Aspect values may be combined.
- I start to eat = eat.@inceptive
- I'm starting to eat = eat.@inceptive.@progressive
Examples
- @continuative: I'm still eating the apple.
- @experiential: I have already eaten an apple
- @habitual: I eat apples.
- @imperfective: I was eating the apple (when she came).
- @inceptive: I start eating the apple.
- @iterative: I ate and ate the apple.
- @perfective: I ate the apple.
- @progressive: I'm eating the apple.
- @prospective: I'm about to eat the apple.
- @terminative: I finished eating the apple.
List of verb forms:
