Universal Attributes

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== Set of attributes ==
 
== Set of attributes ==
  
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The set of attributes of the current Specification (2005) is presented below in alphabetical order.
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{{#tree:id=tagset|openlevels=0|root=Attributes|
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*animacy
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<div align="center">
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**@thing (inanimate)
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{| border="1"
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**@person (human)
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*[[aspect]]
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=== Set of Attributes ===
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**@continuative: continuous
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! Attribute
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**@experiential: experience
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! Definition
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**@habitual: habitual
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|-
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**@imperfective: uncompleted
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| [[@ability]]
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**@inceptive: beginning
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| Ability, capability of doing something
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**@iterative: repetition
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|-
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**@perfective: completed
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| [[@admire]]
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**@persistent: persistent
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| Admiring feeling of the speaker about something
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**@progressive: ongoing
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|-
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**@prospective: imminent
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| [[@affirmative]]
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**@result: result
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| Affirmation
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**@terminative: cessation
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|-
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*[[degree]]
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| [[@although]]
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**negative
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| Something follows against [contrary to] or beyond expectation
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***@not: negative
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|-
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***@almost: approximative
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| [[@angle_bracket]]
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**positive
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| < > are used
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***@again: iterative
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|-
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***@plus: intensified (very)
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| [[@begin]]
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***@minus: downtoned (a little)
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| beginning of an event or a state
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***@extra: excessively (too)
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|-
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***@enough: sufficiently (enough)
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| [[@blame]]
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**comparative
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| Blameful feeling of the speaker about something
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***@more: comparative of superiority
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|-
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***@less: comparative of inferiority
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| [[@brace]]
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***@equal: comparative of equality
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| { } are used
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**superlative
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|-
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***@most: superlative of superiority
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| [[@certain]]
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***@least: superlative of inferiority
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| Certainty that something is true or happens
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*[[gender]]
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|-
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**@male
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| [[@complete]]
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**@female
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| finishing/completion of a (whole) event
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*[[lexical category]]
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|-
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**@adjective
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| [[@conclusion]]
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**@adverb
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| Logical conclusion due to a certain condition
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**@noun
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|-
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**@verb
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| [[@confirmation]]
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*[[modality]]  
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| Confirmation
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**@ability
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|-
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**@advice
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| [[@consent]]
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**@agreement
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| Consent feeling of the speaker about something
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**@assertion
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|-
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**@assumption
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| [[@consequence]]
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**@belief
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| Logical consequence
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**@command
−
|-
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**@condition
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| [[@contempt]]
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**@conclusion
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| Contemptuous feeling of the speaker about something
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**@confirmation
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|-
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**@consequence
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| [[@continue]]
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**@conviction
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| continuation of an event
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**@decision
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|-
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**@determination
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| [[@contrast]]
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**@deduction
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| Contrasted UW
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**@desire
−
|-
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**@doubt
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| [[@custom]]
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**@exclamation
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| customary or repetitious action
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**@exhortation
−
|-
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**@expectation
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| [[@def]]
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**@fear
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| already referred
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**@hope
−
|-
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**@hypothesis
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| [[@discontented]]
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**@intention
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| Discontented feeling of the speaker about something
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**@interrogation
−
|-
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**@invitation
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| [[@disjointed]]
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**@judgement
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| attached to an UW or a group of UWs to show that all element concept do not hold common instance. All connected UWs do not share instances.
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**@narrative
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|-
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**@necessity
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| [[@dissent]]
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**@obligation
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| Dissent feeling of the speaker about something
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**@opinion
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|-
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**@permission
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| [[@double_parenthesis]]
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**@possibility
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| (( )) are used
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**@probability
−
|-
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**@prediction
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| [[@double_quote]]
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**@presumption
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| “ ” are used
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**@prohibition
−
|-
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**@promise
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| [[@emphasis]]
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**@regret
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| Emphasized UW
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**@request
−
|-
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**@speculation
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| [[@end]]
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**@suggestion
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| end/termination of an event or a state
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**@threat
−
|-
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**@warning
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| [[@entry]]
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*[[person]]
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| Entry or main UW of a sentence or a scope
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**@1 (first person: speaker)
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|-
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**@2 (second person: addressee)
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| [[@exclamation]]
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**@3 (third person)
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| Exclamation
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*[[polarity]] (POL)
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|-
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**affirmative (AFM)
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| [[@expectation]]
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**negative (NEG)
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| Expectation of something
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*[[quantification]]
−
|-
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**@no (none)
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| [[@experience]]
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**@any (any)
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| experience
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**@all (all)
−
|-
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**@singular (default)
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| [[@future]]
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**@pl (plural)
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| will happen in future
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***@dual
−
|-
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***@trial
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| [[@generic]]
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***@quadrual
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| generic concept
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***@paucal
−
|-
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***@multal
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| [[@get-benefit]]
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*[[register]]
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| Speaker’s feeling of receiving benefits through the fact or result of something (to be) done by somebody else
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**@archaic
−
|-
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**@colloquial
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| [[@give-benefit]]
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**@dialect
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| Speaker’s feeling of giving benefits by doing something for somebody else
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**@jargon
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|-
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**@slang
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| [[@grant]]
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**@taboo
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| To give/get consent/permission to do something
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*[[social deixis]]
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|-
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**@familiar
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| [[@grant-not]]
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**@intimate
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| Not to give consent to do something
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**@polite
−
|-
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**@equivalent
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| [[@humility]]
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**@inferior
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| In a humility manner
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**@superior
−
|-
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**@reverential
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| [[@identifiable]]
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*[[tense]] (TNS)
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| attached to an UW that can identify the subject
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**absolute tense (ATE)
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|-
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***present (PRS)
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| [[@imperative]]
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***past (PAS)
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| Imperative
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****hesternal past tense (HEP)
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|-
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****prehesternal past tense (PEP)
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| [[@indef]]
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****hodiernal past tense (HOP)
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| non-specific class
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****prehodiernal past tense (POP)
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|-
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****immediate past tense (IPT)
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| [[@inevitable]]
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****nonrecent past tense (NRCP)
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| Logical inevitability that something is true or happens
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****recent past tense (RCP)
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|-
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****nonremote past tense (NRMP)
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| [[@insistence]]
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****remote past tense (RMP)
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| Strong determination to do something
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***future (FUT)
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|-
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****near future (FUN)
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| [[@intention]]
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****remote future (FUR)
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| Intention about something or to do something
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***nonpast (NPAS)
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|-
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***nonfuture (NFUT)
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| [[@interrogative]]
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***still (STL)
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| Interrogation
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***not-yet (NYET)
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|-
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**relative tense (RTE)
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| [[@invitation]]
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***relative past (RPT)
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| Inducement
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***relative nonpast (NRPT)
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|-
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***relative present (RPS)
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| [[@just]]
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***relative future (RFT)
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| Expresses an event or a state that has just begun or ended/completed
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***relative nonfuture (NRFT)
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|-
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*[[transitivity]] (TRA)
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| [[@may]]
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**no transitivity (NTRA) (linking verb)
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| Practical possibility that something is true or happens
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**transitive (TST)
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|-
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***direct transitive (TSTD)
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| [[@need]]
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***indirect transitive (TSTI)
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| Necessity to do something
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***ditransitive (TST2)
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|-
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***tritransitive (TST3)
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| [[@not]]
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**intransitive (NTST)
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| complement set
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***unergative (NERG)
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|-
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***unaccusative (NACC)
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| [[@obligation]]
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*[[valency]] (VAL)
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| Obligation to do something according to (quasi-) law, contract, or …
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**avalent (VAL0)
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|-
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**monovalent (VAL1)
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| [[@obligation-not]]
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**divalent (VAL2)
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| Obligation not to do something, forbid to do something according to (quasi-) law, contract or …
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**trivalent (VAL3)
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|-
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**tetravalent (VAL4)
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| [[@ordinal]]
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*[[voice]] (VOI)
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| ordinal number
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**active voice (ACV)
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|-
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**middle voice (MIV)
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| [[@parenthesis]]
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**passive voice (PSV)
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| ( ) are used
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}}
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|-
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−
| [[@passive]]
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−
| passive form
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−
|-
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−
| [[@past]]
+
−
| happened in the past
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@pl]]
+
−
| more than one
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−
|-
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−
| [[@polite]]
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−
| polite way
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−
|-
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−
| [[@possible]]
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−
| Logical possibility that something is true or happens
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−
|-
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−
| [[@present]]
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−
| happening at present
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−
|-
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−
| [[@probable]]
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−
| (Practical) probability that something is true or happens
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@progress]]
+
−
| an event is in progress
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−
|-
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−
| [[@qfocus]]
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| Focused UW of a question
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@rare]]
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−
| Rare logical possibility that something is true or happens
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@regret]]
+
−
| Regretful feeling of the speaker about something
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@repeat]]
+
−
| repetition of an event
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@request]]
+
−
| Request
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@respect]]
+
−
| Respectful way
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@should]]
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−
| To do something as a matter of course
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@single_quote]]
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−
| ‘ ’ are used
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@soon]]
+
−
| Expresses an event or a state that is about to begin or end/completed
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@square_bracket]]
+
−
| [ ] are used
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@state]]
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−
| final state or the existence of the object on which an action has been taken
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@sufficient]]
+
−
| Sufficient condition
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@surprised]]
+
−
| Surprised feeling of the speaker about something
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@symmetric]]
+
−
| attached to an UW that has symmetricity
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@theme]]
+
−
| Instantiates an object from a different class
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@title]]
+
−
| Title
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@topic]]
+
−
| Topic
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@transitive]]
+
−
| attached to an UW that has transitivity
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@troublesome]]
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−
| Troublesome feeling of the speaker about the occurrence of something
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@unavoidable]]
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−
| Unavoidable feeling of the speaker about doing something
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@unreal]]
+
−
| Unreality that something is true or happens
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−
|-
+
−
| [[@vocative]]
+
−
| Vocative
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@want]]
+
−
| Desire to do something
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@will]]
+
−
| Determination to do something
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@wish]]
+
−
| Wishful feeling, to wish something is true or has happened
+
−
|-
+
−
| [[@yet]]
+
−
| Expresses an event or a state that has not yet started or ended/completed, together with @not
+
−
|}
+
−
</div>
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Revision as of 18:30, 24 June 2010

Attributes are arcs linking a node to itself. In opposition to relations, they correspond to one-place predicates, i.e., functions that take a single argument. In UNL, attributes have been normally used to represent information conveyed by natural language grammatical categories (such as tense, mood, aspect, number, etc). The set of attributes, which is claimed to be universal, is defined in the UNL Specs and is not open to frequent additions.

Syntax

The syntax of attributes is defined as follows:

<attribute> ::= "@"<attribute name>
<attribute name> ::= <character>...
<character> ::= {“a”,...,“z”,“_”}

where:
< > variable
" " terminal symbol
::=... is defined as ...
{ } disjunction ("or")
... to be repeated more than 0 times

Attribute names are always lower case words or expressions. Normally, English words ("past", "will") or mnemonic abbreviations ("def", "pl") are used for attribute labelling. No blank space is allowed inside an attribute name ('@double_quote').

Semantics

Attributes are annotations made to nodes or hypernodes of a UNL hypergraph. They denote the circumstances under which these nodes (or hypernodes) are used.

Attributes may convey three different kinds of information:

  • The information on the role of the node in the UNL graph (as in the case for '@entry', that indicates the main (starting) node of a UNL directed graph);
  • The information on the original co-text (i.e., the textual neighborhoods) from which the node was extracted (as in the case of '@parenthesis', that indicates that the node was originally represented between parentheses); and
  • The information on the (external) context of the utterance (as in the case of '@past', that indicates that the node was used in a time before the speaker's one). In that sense, attributes include phenomena associated to the idea of "deixis".

Set of attributes

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