Agreement
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| − | '''Agreement''' or '''concord''' is a form of cross-reference between different parts of a sentence or phrase. Agreement happens when a word changes form depending on the other words it relates to. | + | '''Agreement''' or '''concord''' is a form of cross-reference between different parts of a sentence or phrase. Agreement happens when a word changes form depending on the other words it relates to. In the UNL<sup>arium</sup> framework, agreement is defined through [[S-rule]]s. Agreement is not informed in UNL. |
| − | == | + | == Syntax == |
| − | + | Agreement is defined through [[S-rule]]s in the following format: | |
| − | <SYNTACTIC ROLE>(<AGREEMENT>); | + | <SYNTACTIC ROLE>(+<AGREEMENT>); |
Where:<br /> | Where:<br /> | ||
| − | *<SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the [[ | + | *<SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the [[Syntactic roles|syntactic role]] (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head; and |
*<AGREEMENT> is the agreement to be assigned, and may assume the following values: | *<AGREEMENT> is the agreement to be assigned, and may assume the following values: | ||
**ANUM = assigns number (if the constituent assigns number value to the head) | **ANUM = assigns number (if the constituent assigns number value to the head) | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
**RTNS = assigns tense (if the constituent receives tense value from the the head) | **RTNS = assigns tense (if the constituent receives tense value from the the head) | ||
| − | + | == Examples == | |
| − | ;VS(ANUM); | + | ;VS(+ANUM); |
:number agreement: the verb agrees with its specifier in number (i.e., the specifier of the verb assigns number to the verb) | :number agreement: the verb agrees with its specifier in number (i.e., the specifier of the verb assigns number to the verb) | ||
| − | ;NA(RGEN); | + | ;NA(+RGEN); |
:gender agreement: the adjunct agrees with the noun in gender (i.e., the adjunct receives gender from the noun) | :gender agreement: the adjunct agrees with the noun in gender (i.e., the adjunct receives gender from the noun) | ||
| − | + | == Observations == | |
;Conditional agreement | ;Conditional agreement | ||
:Conditional agreement may be stated by defining the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side: | :Conditional agreement may be stated by defining the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side: | ||
| − | *NA(RGEN); (unconditional agreement: the adjunct always receives the gender from the noun); | + | :*NA(+RGEN); (unconditional agreement: the adjunct always receives the gender from the noun); |
| − | *NA(ADJ):=NA(RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if adjective); | + | :*NA(ADJ):=NA(+RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if adjective); |
| − | *NA(^PP):=NA(RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if not a prepositional phrase); | + | :*NA(^PP):=NA(+RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if not a prepositional phrase); |
| − | *NA(GEN;):=NA(RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if the noun has the feature gender (GEN); | + | :*NA(GEN;):=NA(+RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if the noun has the feature gender (GEN); |
;Complex agreement | ;Complex agreement | ||
:A single agreement rule may contain several agreement operations: | :A single agreement rule may contain several agreement operations: | ||
| − | *VS(ANUM,APER,AGEN); (the specifier of the verb assigns number, person and gender to it) | + | :*VS(+ANUM,+APER,+AGEN); (the specifier of the verb assigns number, person and gender to it) |
| − | *NS(RNUM,RPER,RGEN)NA(RNUM,RPER,RGEN); (the specifier and the adjunct of the noun receives number, person and gender from it) | + | :*NS(+RNUM,+RPER,+RGEN)NA(+RNUM,+RPER,+RGEN); (the specifier and the adjunct of the noun receives number, person and gender from it) |
| + | ;Use of "+" | ||
| + | :As rules are conservative (i.e., features are preserved unless explicitly deleted), the use of "+" is actually optional: | ||
| + | :*VS(+RNUM); is the same as VS(RNUM); | ||
;Feature removal | ;Feature removal | ||
:Agreement features may be deleted through "-" | :Agreement features may be deleted through "-" | ||
| − | *NA(-RGEN); (delete "receive gender" from all noun adjuncts) | + | :*NA(-RGEN); (delete "receive gender" from all noun adjuncts) |
| − | *NA(PP | + | :*NA(PP):=NA(-RGEN); (delete "receive gender" from all noun adjuncts that have the feature PP) |
;The symbol '''^''' is used for negation and to control infinite recursion | ;The symbol '''^''' is used for negation and to control infinite recursion | ||
| − | *NA(^RGEN):=NA(RGEN); (the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if it does not have the feature "receive gender") | + | :*NA(^RGEN):=NA(+RGEN); (the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if it does not have the feature "receive gender") |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
Revision as of 09:51, 26 March 2010
Agreement or concord is a form of cross-reference between different parts of a sentence or phrase. Agreement happens when a word changes form depending on the other words it relates to. In the UNLarium framework, agreement is defined through S-rules. Agreement is not informed in UNL.
Syntax
Agreement is defined through S-rules in the following format:
<SYNTACTIC ROLE>(+<AGREEMENT>);
Where:
- <SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the syntactic role (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the constituent in relation to the head; and
- <AGREEMENT> is the agreement to be assigned, and may assume the following values:
- ANUM = assigns number (if the constituent assigns number value to the head)
- AGEN = assigns gender (if the constituent assigns gender value to the head)
- APER = assigns person (if the constituent assigns person value to the head)
- ACAS = assigns case (if the constituent assigns case value to the head)
- ATNS = assigns tense (if the constituent assigns tense value to the head)
- RNUM = assigns number (if the constituent receives number value from the head)
- RGEN = assigns gender (if the constituent receives gender value from the head)
- RPER = assigns person (if the constituent receives person value from the head)
- RCAS = assigns case (if the constituent receives case value from the head)
- RTNS = assigns tense (if the constituent receives tense value from the the head)
Examples
- VS(+ANUM);
- number agreement: the verb agrees with its specifier in number (i.e., the specifier of the verb assigns number to the verb)
- NA(+RGEN);
- gender agreement: the adjunct agrees with the noun in gender (i.e., the adjunct receives gender from the noun)
Observations
- Conditional agreement
- Conditional agreement may be stated by defining the left side of the s-rule and coindexing it to the right side:
- NA(+RGEN); (unconditional agreement: the adjunct always receives the gender from the noun);
- NA(ADJ):=NA(+RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if adjective);
- NA(^PP):=NA(+RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if not a prepositional phrase);
- NA(GEN;):=NA(+RGEN); (conditional agreement: the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if the noun has the feature gender (GEN);
- Complex agreement
- A single agreement rule may contain several agreement operations:
- VS(+ANUM,+APER,+AGEN); (the specifier of the verb assigns number, person and gender to it)
- NS(+RNUM,+RPER,+RGEN)NA(+RNUM,+RPER,+RGEN); (the specifier and the adjunct of the noun receives number, person and gender from it)
- Use of "+"
- As rules are conservative (i.e., features are preserved unless explicitly deleted), the use of "+" is actually optional:
- VS(+RNUM); is the same as VS(RNUM);
- Feature removal
- Agreement features may be deleted through "-"
- NA(-RGEN); (delete "receive gender" from all noun adjuncts)
- NA(PP):=NA(-RGEN); (delete "receive gender" from all noun adjuncts that have the feature PP)
- The symbol ^ is used for negation and to control infinite recursion
- NA(^RGEN):=NA(+RGEN); (the adjunct receives the gender from the noun if it does not have the feature "receive gender")
