C-rule
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|give | |give | ||
|VH([in]) | |VH([in]) | ||
| − | |"in" is to be added to the base form as part of the head of the verb (VH) | + | |the lemma "in" is to be added to the base form as part of the head of the verb (VH) |
|- | |- | ||
|take into account | |take into account | ||
|take | |take | ||
|VA("into account") | |VA("into account") | ||
| − | |"into account" is to be added to the base form as an adjunct to the verb (VA) | + | |the string "into account" is to be added to the base form as an adjunct to the verb (VA) |
|- | |- | ||
|throw <person> to the lions | |throw <person> to the lions | ||
|throw | |throw | ||
|VA("to the lions"), VC(NP) | |VA("to the lions"), VC(NP) | ||
| − | |"to the lions" is to be added to the base form as an adjunct to the verb (VA) and a noun phrase (NP) is to be added as a complement to the verb (VC) | + | |the string "to the lions" is to be added to the base form as an adjunct to the verb (VA) and a noun phrase (NP) is to be added as a complement to the verb (VC) |
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 13:36, 23 March 2010
Compounding or composition is the word-formation process of creating compounds by combining or putting together lexemes.
Contents |
Expressing compounds in the UNLarium
In the UNLarium framework, compounds are treated as ordinary simple words except in case of discontinuous multi-word expressions or with infixation (such as "give in" or "take into account"). In these cases, the lemma is different from the base form, and the compound-formation process is expected to be defined through specific rules:
- coffee house (multi-word expression without infixation: "coffee house">"coffee houses"): BF=lemma="coffee house"
- give in (multi-word expression with infixation: "give in">"gave in"): BF="give"
≠lemma="give in"
- behind one's back (discontinuous multi-word expression without infixation: "behind my back", "behind his back", etc): BF="behind"
≠lemma="behind <person>'s back"
- take into account (discontinuous multi-word LRU with infixation: "take it into account", "took that into account"): BF="take"
≠lemma="take into account"
Examples
| Lemma | BF | Compound | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| give in | give | VH([in]) | the lemma "in" is to be added to the base form as part of the head of the verb (VH) |
| take into account | take | VA("into account") | the string "into account" is to be added to the base form as an adjunct to the verb (VA) |
| throw <person> to the lions | throw | VA("to the lions"), VC(NP) | the string "to the lions" is to be added to the base form as an adjunct to the verb (VA) and a noun phrase (NP) is to be added as a complement to the verb (VC) |
Observation
- Phrasal verbs
- Particles of phrasal verbs must be represented as part of the head, if non separable, or as adjuncts, otherwise:
- give in = VH([in]); ("give in something" but
"give something in") - give back = VA([back]); ("give back something" or "give something back")
- Strings and lemmas
- In the compound-formation process, the UNLarium distinguishes between strings (to be represented between "") and lemmas (to be represented between [ ]). The difference between strings and lemmas has to do with the dictionary status. Lemmas, but not strings, are expected to be defined as dictionary entries:
- VA("into account"); (add the string "into account" as a verbal adjunct, take > take into account)
- VC([love]); (add the lemma "love" as a verbal complement, such as in make > make love)
In the above, it's unlikely to have "into account" as a single entry, whereas "love" is probably already there.
Syntax
Compounds may be explicitly expressed by S-rules, a formalism for describing the syntactic structure of phrases.
