Pronouns

Revision as of 10:35, 7 December 2009

To be represented:

• as pronoun attributes assigned to the null UW, in case of exophora (i.e., when reference is made to an extra-sentential referent); and
• by their referents in case of endophora (i.e., when reference is made to an intra-sentential referent, which may come either before (anaphora) or after (cataphora) the pronoun).

Personal Pronouns

To be represented as 00.@1 (first person), 00.@2 (second person) and 00.@3 (third person), as follows:

00.@1 - the speaker

I (en), me (en), we (en), us (en), je (fr), on (fr), nous (fr);

00.@2 - the addressee

you (en), tu (fr), vous (fr);

00.@3 - other

he (en), she (en), it (en), they (en), il (fr), elle (fr), ils (fr), elles (fr).

They can be modified by the following attributes:

Number

@pl (00.@1.@pl = we (en);

Gender

@male (00.@3.@male = he)

@female (00.@3.@female = she)

@neutral (00.@3.@neutral = it)

Social Deixis

@polite (00.@2.@polite = vous (fr))

Discourse

@emphasis (00.@1.@emphasis = I [did it] myself)

Dummy (semantically empty) pronouns (used when grammatical rules require a noun), such as in "It is raining", must not be represented.

Possessive Pronouns

To be represented as Personal Pronouns as the target argument of a relation "POS".

My book = pos(book, 00.@1)

Demonstrative Pronouns

To be represented as "00.@proximal" (proximal), "00.@medial" (medial) and "00.@distal" (distal).

00.@proximal

used to refer to the person, thing or event present, nearby, just mentioned or about to be said.

this, these (en): This is my cat. These are my tools.

ceci, celui-ci, celle-ci, ceux-ci, celles-ci (fr): Tout ceci ne me plaît guère.

éste, estos, ésta, éstas (es)

00.@medial

used to refer to the one designated, implied, mentioned, or understood.

that, those (en): What kind of soup is that?

cela, celui-là, celle-là, ceux-là, celles-là (fr): Qui c'est celui-là?

aquél, aquéllos, aquélla, aquéllas (es)

00.@distal

used to refer to something near the addresse.

that, those (en): What kind of soup is that?

cela, celui-là, celle-là, ceux-là, celles-là (fr): Qui c'est celui-là?

ése, ésos, ésa, esas (es)

Indefinite Pronouns

To be represented by the null UW and the corresponding attributes.

all = 00.@all another = 00.@other any = 00.@any anybody = 00.@any.@person anyone == 00.@any anything == 00.@any.@thing both = 00.@both each == 00.@each. either == 00.@either everybody == 00.@every.@person everyone == 00.@every everything == 00.@every.@thing few = 00.@paucal fewer = 00.@paucal.@less less = 00.@paucal little = 00.@paucal many = 00.@multal more = 00.@more most = 00.@most much = 00.@neither no one = 00.@not nobody = 00.@not.@person none = 00.@not nothing = 00.@not.@thing one = 00 other = 00.@other others = 00.@other plenty = 00.@multal several = 00.@multal some = 00.@some somebody = 00.@some.@person someone = 00.@some something = 00.@some.@thing such = 00.@such

Relative Pronouns

To be represented by the antecedent. The attribute @relative must be assigned to the main entry of the relative clause.

Hunter is the boy who kissed Monique.

aoj(boy, Hunter)

agt(kiss.@relative, boy)

Hunter is the boy to whom Monique gave a gift.

aoj(boy, Hunter)

gol(give.@relative, boy)

Jack built the house in which I now live.

obj(build, house)

plc(live.@relative, house)

Jack is the boy whose friend built my house.

aoj(boy, Jack)

pos(friend, Jack)

agt(build.@relative, friend)

Interrogative Pronouns

To be represented by the null uw and the attribute .@wh.

Who is he?

aoj(he, 00.@wh)

Where is he?

plc(he, 00.@wh)

How is he?

man(he, 00.@wh)