Demonstratives

To be represented by attributes, if determiners, or by UWs, if pronouns (independent demonstratives). In this latter case, they should be replaced by their antecedents, whenever possible.

Demonstrative Attributes

@proximal

near to the speaker

this book = book.@proximal (en)

ce livre-ci = livre.@proximal (fr)

esta manzana = manzana.@proximal (es)

@medial

near to the addressee

esa manzana = manzana.@medial (es)

@distal

far from the speaker (and from the addressee)

that book = book.@distal (en)

ce livre-là = livre.@distal (fr)

aquella manzana = manzana.@distal (es)

Demonstrative UWs

To be avoided.

100000001

used to refer to the person, thing or event present, nearby, just mentioned or about to be said.

this, these (en): This is my cat. These are my tools.

ceci, celui-ci, celle-ci, ceux-ci, celles-ci (fr): Tout ceci ne me plaît guère.

100000002

used to refer to the one designated, implied, mentioned, or understood.

that, those (en): What kind of soup is that?

cela, celui-là, celle-là, ceux-là, celles-là (fr): Qui c'est celui-là?