Case marking

Case marking is the process of assigning grammatical case values to dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads. Usually a language is said to "have cases" only if nouns change their form (nouns decline) to reflect their case. In the UNL^arium framework, case marking is defined through S-rules in the following format:

<SYNTACTIC ROLE>(<CASE>);

Where:

• <SYNTACTIC ROLE> is the syntactic role (VA, VC, VS, VH, etc) of the case-marked term in relation to the head; and
• <CASE> is the grammatical case to be assigned.

Examples

VS(NOM);

assigns the nominative case (NOM) to the specifier of the verb (VS)

VC(ACC);

assigns the accusative case (ACC) to the complement of the verb (VC)

Observations

Conditional case-marking

Conditional case-marking may be stated by coindexing the left and the right side of a case-marking rule:

• VC(PP):=VC(DAT); (assign the dative case (DAT) to the complement of the verb (VC) if it is a PP;
• VC([make];NP):=VC(ACC); (assign the accusative case (ACC) to the complement of the verb (VC) whose lemma is "make".