Adverbs: Difference between revisions
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In the UNL framework, '''adverbs''' are classified in four different categories: specifiers, adjuncts, conjuncts and disjuncts. | In the UNL framework, '''adverbs''' are classified in four different categories: specifiers, adjuncts, conjuncts and disjuncts. | ||
*'''Specifier adverbs''' (such as “not”, “more”, “less”, “very” | *'''Specifier adverbs''' (such as “not”, “more”, “less”, “very”, etc) are adverbs that do not really introduce new information, but only specify the information conveyed by a verb, an adjective or another adverb. They do not constitute properly an open class category and many of them may even be replaced by other closed class categories, such as affixes (not happy = unhappy, write again = rewrite, more happy = happier). In UNL, specifier adverbs are represented by [[degree|attributes of degree]] (@not, @more, @less, @plus, @minus, @almost, @again, etc); | ||
{|table border=1 align=center cellpadding=2 | {|table border=1 align=center cellpadding=2 | ||
|+Specifier adverbs | |+Specifier adverbs | ||
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|align=center|happy.@not | |align=center|happy.@not | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Comparative | |||
|align=center|more intelligent | |align=center|more intelligent | ||
|align=center|intelligent.@more | |align=center|intelligent.@more | ||
Revision as of 11:48, 21 February 2010
In the UNL framework, adverbs are classified in four different categories: specifiers, adjuncts, conjuncts and disjuncts.
- Specifier adverbs (such as “not”, “more”, “less”, “very”, etc) are adverbs that do not really introduce new information, but only specify the information conveyed by a verb, an adjective or another adverb. They do not constitute properly an open class category and many of them may even be replaced by other closed class categories, such as affixes (not happy = unhappy, write again = rewrite, more happy = happier). In UNL, specifier adverbs are represented by attributes of degree (@not, @more, @less, @plus, @minus, @almost, @again, etc);
| Type | English | UNL |
|---|---|---|
| Negative | not happy | happy.@not |
| Comparative | more intelligent | intelligent.@more |
IntensifierCite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
|
go now | tim(go, now) |
PlaceCite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
|
do usually | man(do, usually) |
- Conjuncts[1] (such as "in addition", "in other words", "for instance", etc) are connecting adverbs that add information to the sentence that is not considered part of the propositional content (or at least not essential) but which connects the sentence with previous parts of the discourse. In UNL, conjunct adverbs are to be represented as UWs linked to the whole sentence (to be treated as a hypernode) by the relation man (manner).
| English | UNL |
|---|---|
| He has no money. In addition, he has no means of getting any | man("he has no means of getting any", "in addition") |
| The French love music. In other words, music is appreciated in France. | man("music is appreciated in France", "in other words") |
- Disjuncts (aka as adverbs of viewpoint or commenting adverbs, such as "fortunately", "in my opinion", etc) express information that is not considered essential to the sentence it appears in, but which is considered to be the speaker's or writer's attitude towards, or descriptive statement of, the propositional content of the sentence. In UNL, disjunct adverbs are to be represented as follows:
- As attributes, if their meaning can be subsumed by any of the attributes of modality (such as @emphasis, @belief, @conviction, etc); or
- As UWs, otherwise.
| English | UNL |
|---|---|
| Fortunately, I have it right here. | man("I have it right here", "fortunately") |
| In my opinion, the green one is better. | "the green one is better".@opinion |
Notes
- ↑ Not to be confounded with conjunctions
