Aspect: Difference between revisions
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**continuative (CTN): continuous | **continuative (CTN): continuous | ||
***progressive (PGS): ongoing | ***progressive (PGS): ongoing | ||
*perfect (PFC): temporal relevance | |||
**experiential perfect aspect (EXP): occurrence | |||
*perfect (PFC): relevance | **perfect of persistent situation (PSS): continuation until the present | ||
**experiential perfect aspect (EXP) | **perfect of recent past (PRP): proximity to the present | ||
**perfect of persistent situation (PSS) | **perfect of result (RES): present result | ||
**perfect of recent past (PRP) | *prospective (PPT): imminent | ||
**perfect of result (RES) | |||
*inceptive (ICP): beginning | *inceptive (ICP): beginning | ||
*terminative (TER): cessation | *terminative (TER): cessation | ||
*habitual (HAB): habitual | |||
*iterative (ITE): repetition | |||
}} | }} | ||
;Aspect is represented only when grammaticalized: | ;Aspect is represented only when grammaticalized: | ||
:It sparkled = perfective (and not iterative) | :It sparkled = perfective (and not iterative) | ||
;Perfect and perfective are different aspectual values: | |||
:perfective = seen as completed (He ate the apple) | |||
:perfect = seen as relevant (He has never eaten an apple) | |||
;Aspect values may be combined through "&": | ;Aspect values may be combined through "&": | ||
Revision as of 17:14, 15 January 2010
Aspect is a category used to indicate the temporal internal structure of an event.
Natural language
In the UNLarium, the attribute aspect may assume the following values:
{{#tree:id=nl_tense|openlevels=0|root=Aspect (ASP)|
- perfective (PFV): completed
- imperfective (NPFC): uncompleted
- continuative (CTN): continuous
- progressive (PGS): ongoing
- continuative (CTN): continuous
- perfect (PFC): temporal relevance
- experiential perfect aspect (EXP): occurrence
- perfect of persistent situation (PSS): continuation until the present
- perfect of recent past (PRP): proximity to the present
- perfect of result (RES): present result
- prospective (PPT): imminent
- inceptive (ICP): beginning
- terminative (TER): cessation
- habitual (HAB): habitual
- iterative (ITE): repetition
}}
- Aspect is represented only when grammaticalized
- It sparkled = perfective (and not iterative)
- Perfect and perfective are different aspectual values
- perfective = seen as completed (He ate the apple)
- perfect = seen as relevant (He has never eaten an apple)
- Aspect values may be combined through "&"
- I am eating = progressive (PGS)
- I have eaten = perfect of persistent situation (PSS)
- I have been eating = PGS&PSS
Examples
List of verb forms:
UNL
In UNL, aspect is to be represented by attributes indicating the temporal internal structure of the event.
{{#tree:id=unl_aspect|openlevels=0|root=Aspect|
- @continuative: continuous
- @experiential: experience
- @habitual: habitual
- @imperfective: uncompleted
- @inceptive: beginning
- @iterative: repetition
- @perfective: completed
- @progressive: ongoing
- @prospective: imminent
- @terminative: cessation
}}
- Aspect values may be combined.
- I start to eat = eat.@inceptive
- I'm starting to eat = eat.@inceptive.@progressive
Examples
- @continuative: I'm still eating the apple.
- @experiential: I have already eaten an apple
- @habitual: I eat apples.
- @imperfective: I was eating the apple (when she came).
- @inceptive: I start eating the apple.
- @iterative: I ate and ate the apple.
- @perfective: I ate the apple.
- @progressive: I'm eating the apple.
- @prospective: I'm about to eat the apple.
- @terminative: I finished eating the apple.
List of verb forms:
