BRUNO

The project BRUNO (Basic Resources for UNLizatiOn) is devoted to the creation of NL-UNL (analysis) dictionaries.

Goal

The project BRUNO has two main goals:

1. To provide several word-to-concept monolingual databases (i.e., encoding or reader's dictionaries). These dictionaries are expected to be used in UNLization, i.e., in generating UNL graphs out of natural language documents, especially through IAN.
2. To find concepts that are not enclosed in the WordNet3.0 and should be incorporated to the UNL Dictionary.

Repository

BRUNO is language dependent. Every language has its own set of entries to be addressed. The repository is divided into 6 different subprojects according to the frequency of use of the lemmas.

• BRUNO-A1 contains the list of the 2,000 most frequent lemmas of the language (including articles, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, etc.);
• BRUNO-A2 contains the next 3,000 most frequent lemmas of the language;
• BRUNO-B1 contains the next 5,000 most frequent lemmas of the language;

And so on.

Repository	# of lemmas
BRUNO-A1	2,000
BRUNO-A2	3,000
BRUNO-B1	5,000
BRUNO-B2	5,000
BRUNO-C1	10,000
BRUNO-C2	10,000

Requisites

The project BRUNO is open to all languages complying with the following requisites:

• MIR-A1 and NADIA-A1 are required for BRUNO-A1;
• MIR-A2 and NADIA-A2 are required for BRUNO-A2;
• MIR-B1 and NADIA-B1 are required for BRUNO-B1;
• MIR-B2 and NADIA-B2 are required for BRUNO-B2;
• MIR-C1 and NADIA-C1 are required for BRUNO-C1;
• MIR-C2 and NADIA-C2 are required for BRUNO-C2;
• In all cases, the language must contain a reasonable amount of inflectional paradigms and subcategorization frames already registered in the UNLarium.

Preparing the list of entries

1. List of entries

   Participants are expected to provide a list of the entries according to the following criteria:

   • The list of entries must include the most frequent lemmas of the language, including articles, prepositions, conjunctions, nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.
   • The list of entries can be extracted from prestigious monolingual dictionaries or from a corpus considered to be representative of the standard written language.
   • The list of entries must be ordered according to the frequency of occurrence (the most frequent entries must come first).
   • The list of entries must be lemmatized
   • Entries must be provided in a plain text file (.txt) with UTF-8 encoding, with one entry per line, along with the corresponding value of the lexical category LEX, in the following format:

   lemma:LEX

2. Verification

   The list of entries is verified by a language manager or, in case there is no language manager for the target language, by the Language Resources Manager of the UNDL Foundation. If approved, it is uploaded to the UNLarium, and the corresponding BRUNO project is open.

3. Dictionary

   Entries become available, in the UNLarium, for all the registered users of a given language, in case of open projects, or for the approved candidates, in case of closed projects. Users are expected to provide all the morphological, syntactic and semantic information for each entry

Instructions

Lexical Category

Whenever the lexical category for a given lemma is provided, check whether it is correct. If it is not correct, decline the entry and report the problem by clicking over the yellow triangle at the right of the main entry. If the lexical category is not provided, select the most likely category. Do not worry about homonyms: provide one single category for a given main entry.

Lemma

Do not change the lemma. If it is not correct (i.e., if it is misspelled or cannot be considered to be a lexical unit), decline the entry and report the problem by clicking over the yellow triangle at the right of the main entry.

Provide as many UW's as necessary to each lemma, but do not include very rare or unusual cases. And check the order

the most likely senses must appear first.

Base Form

You have to worry about the base form only in case of multiword expressions 1) whose inflections cannot be formed by simple affixation or 2) which are discontinuous. In these cases, provide the corresponding composition rules.

Inflection

Select AND TEST the inflectional paradigm that generates the inflections of the base form. Any errors here will be propagated to the dictionary, so be careful. And pay attention to the cases below:

• LOCALIZED IRREGULARITY: if the word is mostly regular and its irregularity is localized in some few and specific rules (more than one possible plural for nouns, or defective verbs that are not used in a given person, for instance, but follow the general rules for all the others), assign the word to the corresponding paradigm and list, in the box "inflectional rules", its irregularities;
• NON-EXISTING PARADIGM: if the word is regular or semi-regular (in the sense that there are several other words in the same case), and cannot be associated to any existing paradigm, press the button REQUEST A NEW PARADIGM and provide the corresponding details;
• IRREGULAR WORDS: if the word is irregular (i.e., it has a quite unusual and specific morphological behavior), choose the option IRREGULAR and provide the corresponding inflectional rules.

Subcategorization

Subcategorization is only required when the word REQUIRES a complement or a specifier (indirect transitive verbs that select an specific preposition, for instance). In this case, you have to inform the corresponding subcategorization frame. If the subcategorization frame is not available, press the button REQUEST A NEW SUBCATEGORIZATION FRAME and provide the corresponding details.