UNL Memory

The UNL Memory, also known as UNL Example Base, is a network structure where UW's are interconnected through any semantic relation of UNL. Differently from the UNL Ontology, which deals only with monotonic relations ("icl" and "iof"), and the UNL Knowledge Base, which deals only with relations used to define a concept, the UNL Memory contains any relation that is likely to link two concepts, including those that are not necessary but only frequent, according to their use in a given corpus. In that sense, the UNL Memory comprises and extends the UNL Ontology and the UNL^KB.

The UNL Memory may be provided in two different formats:

• Extended, in XML; or
• Simplified, as a set of network disambiguation rules

Extended format

UNL Memory entries in extended format must have the following structure:

<relation name="RNAME" type="RTYPE" frequency="RFREQ">
  <source id="SID" attribute="ATT" lang="UNL" frequency="SFREQ" class="SCLASS">SOURCE</source>
  <target id="TID" attribute="ATT" lang="UNL" frequency="TFREQ" class="TCLASS">TARGET</target>
</relation>

Where:
RNAME is the name of one existing UNL relation ("agt", "aoj", "obj", etc);
RTYPE is the type of the existing relation
RFREQ is the frequency of the relation TYPE between the SOURCE and the TARGET in the corpus;
SFREQ is the frequency of the SOURCE in the corpus;
TFREQ is the frequency of the TARGET in the corpus;
SID is a number used to identify the SOURCE;
TID is a number used to identify the TARGET;
ATT is one of the existing UNL attributes ("entry", "past", etc);
SCLASS is the general class of the SOURCE;
TCLASS is the general class of the TARGET;
SOURCE is the source node of the UNL relation;
TARGET is the target node of the UNL relation;

XML Schema

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" version="1.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
 <xsd:element name="eb">
   <xsd:complexType>
     <xsd:sequence>
       <xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="relation">
         <xsd:complexType>
           <xsd:sequence>
             <xsd:element name="source">
               <xsd:complexType>
                 <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:unsignedLong" use="required" />
                 <xsd:attribute name="attribute" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
                 <xsd:attribute name="lang" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
                 <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
                 <xsd:attribute name="class" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
               </xsd:complexType>
             </xsd:element>
             <xsd:element name="target">
               <xsd:complexType>
                 <xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:unsignedLong" use="required"/>
                 <xsd:attribute name="attribute" type="xsd:string" use="optional" />
                 <xsd:attribute name="lang" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
                 <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
                 <xsd:attribute name="class" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
               </xsd:complexType>
             </xsd:element>
           </xsd:sequence>
           <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
           <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" use="optional"/>
           <xsd:attribute name="frequency" type="xsd:int" use="optional"/>
         </xsd:complexType>
       </xsd:element>
     </xsd:sequence>
   </xsd:complexType>
 </xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

Example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?>
<eb>
 <relation name="mod" frequency="2">
  <source id="410" attribute="entry" lang="UNL" frequency="20" class="nou">book(icl>document)</source>
  <target id="2243" lang="UNL" frequency="2" class="nou">republic(icl>form of government)</target>
 </relation>
 <relation name="mod" frequency="1">
  <source id="410" attribute="entry" lang="UNL" frequency="20" class="nou">book(icl>document)</source>
  <target id="466" lang="UNL" frequency="1" class="nou">certainty(icl>attribute)</target>
 </relation>
 <relation name="mod" frequency="1">
  <source id="410" attribute="entry" lang="UNL" frequency="20" class="nou">book(icl>document)</source>
  <target id="583" lang="UNL" frequency="2" class="nou">creation(icl>action)</target>
 </relation>
 <relation name="mod" frequency="1">
  <source id="410" attribute="entry" lang="UNL" frequency="20" class="nou">book(icl>document)</source>
  <target id="1539" lang="UNL" frequency="3" class="nou">lineage(icl>descendant)</target>
 </relation>
 <relation name="mod" frequency="1">
  <source id="410" attribute="entry" lang="UNL" frequency="20" class="nou">book(icl>document)</source>
  <target id="1566" lang="UNL" frequency="11" class="nou">love(icl>emotion)</target>
 </relation>
</eb>

Simplified format

UNL Memory entries in simplified format must have the structure of network disambiguation rules, as follows:

RELATION(SOURCE;TARGET)=DC;

Where:
RELATION is the name of one existing UNL relation ("agt", "aoj", "obj", etc);
SOURCE is the source node of the UNL relation;
TARGET is the target node of the UNL relation;
DC is the degree of certainty (i.e., the likelihood of the relation between the SOURCE and the TARGET), ranging from 0 (impossible) to 255 (necessary)
The SOURCE and the TARGET nodes may be referred as:

• constants (i.e., specific UWs), to be represented between double square brackets: [[103485997]]
• a feature (attribute, value, or attribute-value pair) or set of features of a group of UWs: N, LEX=N, N&ABT
• a relation or a set of relations: agt(N,V)

Examples

icl(<[[100001930]];[[100001740]])=1; (= a physical entity is a kind of entity)
pof(N;V)=0; (= a nominal concept cannot be a part of a verbal concept)
pof(LEX=N;LEX=V)=0; (= a nominal concept cannot be a part of a verbal concept)
icl(ABT;^ABT)=0; (= an abstract concept cannot be a kind of non-abstract concept)
and(agt(;);^agt(;))=0; (= an agent relation may not be coordinated with a non-agent relation)